particledatabaseimp.hpp

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/* Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Taneli Kalvas. All rights reserved.
 *
 * You can redistribute this software and/or modify it under the terms
 * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 * 
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this library (file "COPYING" included in the package);
 * if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin
 * Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 * 
 * If you have questions about your rights to use or distribute this
 * software, please contact Berkeley Lab's Technology Transfer
 * Department at TTD@lbl.gov. Other questions, comments and bug
 * reports should be sent directly to the author via email at
 * taneli.kalvas@jyu.fi.
 * 
 * NOTICE. This software was developed under partial funding from the
 * U.S.  Department of Energy.  As such, the U.S. Government has been
 * granted for itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up,
 * nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in the Software to
 * reproduce, prepare derivative works, and perform publicly and
 * display publicly.  Beginning five (5) years after the date
 * permission to assert copyright is obtained from the U.S. Department
 * of Energy, and subject to any subsequent five (5) year renewals,
 * the U.S. Government is granted for itself and others acting on its
 * behalf a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in
 * the Software to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute
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 * permit others to do so.
 */

#ifndef PARTICLEDATABASEIMP_HPP
#define PARTICLEDATABASEIMP_HPP 1


#include "ibsimu.hpp"
#include "statusprint.hpp"
#include "timer.hpp"
#include "file.hpp"
#include "particles.hpp"
#include "particleiterator.hpp"
#include "trajectorydiagnostics.hpp"


class ParticleDataBaseImp {

protected:

    const Geometry             &_geom;
    double                     _epsabs;       
    double                     _epsrel;       
    trajectory_interpolation_e _intrp;        
    scharge_deposition_e       _scharge_dep;  
    uint32_t                   _maxsteps;     
    double                     _maxt;         
    bool                       _save_points;  
    uint32_t                   _trajdiv;      
    bool                       _mirror[6];    
    double                     _rhosum;       
    ParticleStatistics         _stat;         
    uint32_t                   _iteration;    
    bool                       _relativistic; 
    bool                       _surface_collision; 
    const CallbackFunctorD_V  *_bsup_cb;      
    TrajectoryHandlerCallback *_thand_cb;     
    TrajectoryEndCallback     *_tend_cb;      
    TrajectorySurfaceCollisionCallback *_tsur_cb;    
    ParticleDataBase          *_pdb;          
    ParticleDataBaseImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, const Geometry &geom );

    ParticleDataBaseImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, std::istream &s, const Geometry &geom );

    ParticleDataBaseImp( const ParticleDataBaseImp &pdb );

    const ParticleDataBaseImp &operator=( const ParticleDataBaseImp &pdb );

    static double energy_to_velocity( double E, double m );
    
    void save( std::ostream &os ) const;

public:

    virtual ~ParticleDataBaseImp();

    void set_accuracy( double epsabs, double epsrel );

    void set_bfield_suppression( const CallbackFunctorD_V *functor );

    void set_trajectory_handler_callback( TrajectoryHandlerCallback *thand_cb );

    void set_trajectory_end_callback( TrajectoryEndCallback *tend_cb );

    void set_trajectory_surface_collision_callback( TrajectorySurfaceCollisionCallback *tsur_cb );

    void set_relativistic( bool enable );

    void set_surface_collision( bool surface_collision );

    void set_polyint( bool polyint );
    
    bool get_polyint( void ) const;
    
    void set_trajectory_interpolation( trajectory_interpolation_e intrp );

    trajectory_interpolation_e get_trajectory_interpolation( void ) const;

    void set_scharge_deposition( scharge_deposition_e type );

    scharge_deposition_e get_scharge_deposition( void ) const;

    void set_max_steps( uint32_t maxsteps );

    void set_max_time( double maxt );

    void set_save_all_points( bool save_points );

    void set_save_trajectories( uint32_t div );

    uint32_t get_save_trajectories( void ) const;

    void set_mirror( const bool mirror[6] );

    void get_mirror( bool mirror[6] ) const;

    int get_iteration_number( void ) const;

    double get_rhosum( void ) const;

    void set_rhosum( double rhosum );
    
    const ParticleStatistics &get_statistics( void ) const;

    virtual geom_mode_e geom_mode() const = 0;

    virtual size_t size( void ) const = 0;

    virtual size_t traj_size( uint32_t i ) const = 0;

    virtual double traj_length( uint32_t i ) const = 0;

    virtual void trajectory_point( double &t, Vec3D &loc, Vec3D &vel, uint32_t i, uint32_t j ) const = 0;

    virtual void trajectories_at_plane( TrajectoryDiagnosticData &tdata, 
                                        coordinate_axis_e axis,
                                        double val,
                                        const std::vector<trajectory_diagnostic_e> &diagnostics ) const = 0;

    virtual void clear( void ) = 0;

    virtual void clear_trajectories( void ) = 0;

    virtual void clear_trajectory( size_t a ) = 0;

    virtual void reserve( size_t size ) = 0;

    virtual void build_trajectory_density_field( MeshScalarField &tdens ) const = 0;

    virtual void iterate_trajectories( MeshScalarField &scharge, const VectorField &efield, 
                                       const VectorField &bfield ) = 0;

    virtual void step_particles( MeshScalarField &scharge, const VectorField &efield, 
                                 const VectorField &bfield, double dt ) = 0;

    void debug_print( std::ostream &os ) const;
};


template<class PP> class ParticleDataBasePPImp : public ParticleDataBaseImp {

    static void add_diagnostics( TrajectoryDiagnosticData &tdata, const PP &x, 
                                 const Particle<PP> &p, int crd, int index ) {
        //std::cout << "add_diagnostics():\n";
        for( size_t a = 0; a < tdata.diag_size(); a++ ) {
            //std::cout << "  diagnostic[" << a << "] = " << tdata.diagnostic(a) << "\n";
            
            double data = 0.0;
            switch( tdata.diagnostic( a ) ) {
            case DIAG_NONE:
                data = 0.0;
                break;
            case DIAG_T:
                data = x[0];
                break;
            case DIAG_X:
                data = x[1];
                break;
            case DIAG_VX:
                data = x[2];
                break;
            case DIAG_Y:
            case DIAG_R:
                data = x[3];
                break;
            case DIAG_VY:
            case DIAG_VR:
                data = x[4];
                break;
            case DIAG_Z:
                data = x[5];
                break;
            case DIAG_VZ:
                data = x[6];
                break;
            case DIAG_W:
                data = x[5];
                break;
            case DIAG_VTHETA:
                data = x[5]*x[3];
                break;
            case DIAG_XP:
                data = x[2]/x[2*crd+2];
                break;
            case DIAG_YP:
            case DIAG_RP:
                data = x[4]/x[2*crd+2];
                break;
            case DIAG_AP:
                data = x[3]*x[5]/x[2*crd+2];
                break;
            case DIAG_ZP:
                data = x[6]/x[2*crd+2];
                break;
            case DIAG_CURR:
                data = p.IQ();
                break;
            case DIAG_QM:
                data = (p.q()/CHARGE_E) / (p.m()/MASS_U);
                break;
            case DIAG_CHARGE:
                data = p.q()/CHARGE_E;
                break;
            case DIAG_MASS:
                data = p.m()/MASS_U;
                break;
            case DIAG_EK:
            {
                double beta = x.velocity().norm2()/SPEED_C;
                if( beta < 1.0e-4 )
                    data = 0.5*p.m()*x.velocity().ssqr()/CHARGE_E;
                else if( beta >= 1.0 )
                    throw( ErrorUnimplemented( ERROR_LOCATION, "particle velocity over light speed" ) );
                else {
                    double gamma = 1.0 / sqrt( 1.0 - beta*beta );
                    double Ek = p.m()*SPEED_C2*( gamma - 1.0 );
                    data = Ek/CHARGE_E;
                }
                break;
            }
            case DIAG_NO:
                data = index;
                break;
            default:
                throw( ErrorUnimplemented( ERROR_LOCATION ) );
                break;
            }
            //std::cout << "  adding data = " << data << "\n";
            tdata.add_data( a, data );
        }
    }

protected:

    std::vector<Particle<PP> *>                        _particles; 
    Scheduler<ParticleIterator<PP>,Particle<PP>,Error> _scheduler; 
    ParticleDataBasePPImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, const Geometry &geom )
        : ParticleDataBaseImp(pdb,geom), _scheduler(_particles) {
        if( _geom.geom_mode() != PP::geom_mode() )
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "Differing geometry modes" ) );
    }

    ParticleDataBasePPImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, std::istream &s, const Geometry &geom ) 
        : ParticleDataBaseImp(pdb,s,geom), _scheduler(_particles) {

        uint32_t N = read_int32( s );
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Reading " << N << " particles.\n";
        _particles.reserve( N );
        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < N; a++ )
            _particles.push_back( new Particle<PP>( s ) );

        ibsimu.dec_indent();
    }

    ParticleDataBasePPImp( const ParticleDataBasePPImp &pdb ) 
        : ParticleDataBaseImp(pdb), _scheduler(_particles) {

        _particles.reserve( pdb._particles.size() );
        for( size_t a = 0; a < pdb._particles.size(); a++ )
            _particles.push_back( new Particle<PP>( *pdb._particles[a] ) );
    }

    const ParticleDataBasePPImp &operator=( const ParticleDataBasePPImp &pdb ) {

        for( size_t a; a < pdb._particles.size(); a++ )
            delete _particles[a];
        _particles.clear();
        _particles.reserve( pdb._particles.size() );
        for( size_t a = 0; a < pdb._particles.size(); a++ )
            _particles.push_back( new Particle<PP>( *pdb._particles[a] ) );
        return( *this );
    }

public:

    virtual ~ParticleDataBasePPImp() {
        // Delete particles
        for( size_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ )
            delete( _particles[a] );
    }

    virtual geom_mode_e geom_mode() const { 
        return( PP::geom_mode() ); 
    }

    virtual size_t size( void ) const { 
        return( _particles.size() ); 
    }

    Particle<PP> &particle( uint32_t i ) { 
        return( *_particles[i] ); 
    }

    const Particle<PP> &particle( uint32_t i ) const { 
        return( *_particles[i] ); 
    }
    
    virtual double traj_length( uint32_t i ) const {

        size_t N = _particles[i]->traj_size();
        double len = 0.0;
        if( N < 2 )
            return( 0.0 );
        Vec3D x1 = _particles[i]->traj(0).location();
        for( size_t b = 1; b < N; b++ ) {
            Vec3D x2 = _particles[i]->traj(b).location();
            len += norm2(x2-x1);
            x1 = x2;
        }

        return( len );
    }

    virtual size_t traj_size( uint32_t i ) const { 
        return( _particles[i]->traj_size() ); 
    }

    const PP &trajectory_point( uint32_t i, uint32_t j ) const {
        return( _particles[i]->traj(j) );
    }

    virtual void trajectory_point( double &t, Vec3D &loc, Vec3D &vel, uint32_t i, uint32_t j ) const {
        PP x = _particles[i]->traj(j); 
        t = x[0];
        loc = x.location();
        vel = x.velocity();
    }

    virtual void trajectories_at_plane( std::vector< Particle<PP> > &tdata,
                                        coordinate_axis_e axis,
                                        double val ) const {

        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Making trajectory diagnostics at " 
                            << coordinate_axis_string[axis] << " = " << val << "\n";
        ibsimu.inc_indent();

        // Check query
        switch( PP::geom_mode() ) {
        case MODE_1D:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported dimension number" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_2D:
            if( axis == AXIS_R || axis == AXIS_Z )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_CYL:
            if( axis == AXIS_Y || axis == AXIS_Z )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_3D:
            if( axis == AXIS_R )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        default:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported dimension number" ) );
        }

        // Prepare output vector
        tdata.clear();

        // Set coordinate index
        int crd;
        switch( axis ) {
        case AXIS_X:
            crd = 0;
            break;
        case AXIS_Y:
        case AXIS_R:
            crd = 1;
            break;
        case AXIS_Z:
            crd = 2;
            break;
        default:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported axis" ) );
        }

        // Scan through particle trajectory points
        double Isum = 0.0;
        std::vector<PP> intsc;
        for( size_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ ) {
            size_t N = _particles[a]->traj_size();
            if( N < 2 )
                continue;
            PP x1 = _particles[a]->traj(0);
            for( size_t b = 1; b < N; b++ ) {
                PP x2 = _particles[a]->traj(b);
                intsc.clear();
                size_t nintsc;
                if( b == 1 )
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, -1 );
                else if( b == N-1 )
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, +1 );
                else
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, 0 );
                for( size_t c = 0; c < nintsc; c++ ) {
                    Isum += _particles[a]->IQ();
                    tdata.push_back( Particle<PP>( _particles[a]->IQ(), _particles[a]->q(),
                                                   _particles[a]->m(), intsc[c] ) );
                }

                x1 = x2;
            }
        }

        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "number of trajectories = " << tdata.size() << "\n";
        if( PP::geom_mode() == MODE_2D )
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "total current = " << Isum << " A/m\n";
        else
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "total current = " << Isum << " A\n";
        ibsimu.dec_indent();    
    }

    virtual void trajectories_at_plane( TrajectoryDiagnosticData &tdata, 
                                        coordinate_axis_e axis,
                                        double val,
                                        const std::vector<trajectory_diagnostic_e> &diagnostics ) const {

        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Making trajectory diagnostics at " 
                            << coordinate_axis_string[axis] << " = " << val << "\n";
        ibsimu.inc_indent();

        // Check query
        switch( PP::geom_mode() ) {
        case MODE_1D:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported dimension number" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_2D:
            if( axis == AXIS_R || axis == AXIS_Z )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_CYL:
            if( axis == AXIS_Y || axis == AXIS_Z )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        case MODE_3D:
            if( axis == AXIS_R )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "nonexistent axis" ) );
            break;
        default:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported dimension number" ) );
        }

        // Check diagnostics query validity
        for( size_t a = 0; a < diagnostics.size(); a++ ) {
            if( diagnostics[a] == DIAG_NONE )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "invalid diagnostics query \'DIAG_NONE\'" ) );
            else if( PP::geom_mode() != MODE_CYL && (diagnostics[a] == DIAG_R ||
                                                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VR ||
                                                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_RP ||
                                                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_W ||
                                                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VTHETA ||
                                                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_AP) )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "invalid diagnostics query for geometry type" ) );
            else if( PP::geom_mode() != MODE_3D && (diagnostics[a] == DIAG_Z ||
                                                    diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VZ ||
                                                    diagnostics[a] == DIAG_ZP) )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "invalid diagnostics query for geometry type" ) );
            else if( diagnostics[a] == DIAG_O ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VO ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_OP ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_P ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VP ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_PP ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_Q ||
                     diagnostics[a] == DIAG_VQ )
                throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "invalid diagnostics query for trajectories_at_plane()\n"
                              "use trajectories_at_free_plane()" ) );
        }

        // Prepare output vector
        tdata.clear();
        for( size_t a = 0; a < diagnostics.size(); a++ ) {
            tdata.add_data_column( diagnostics[a] );
        }
        
        // Set coordinate index
        int crd;
        switch( axis ) {
        case AXIS_X:
            crd = 0;
            break;
        case AXIS_Y:
        case AXIS_R:
            crd = 1;
            break;
        case AXIS_Z:
            crd = 2;
            break;
        default:
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "unsupported axis" ) );
        }

        // Scan through particle trajectory points
        double Isum = 0.0;
        std::vector<PP> intsc;
        for( size_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ ) {
            size_t N = _particles[a]->traj_size();
            if( N < 2 )
                continue;
            PP x1 = _particles[a]->traj(0);
            for( size_t b = 1; b < N; b++ ) {
                PP x2 = _particles[a]->traj(b);
                intsc.clear();
                size_t nintsc;
                if( b == 1 )
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, -1 );
                else if( b == N-1 )
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, +1 );
                else
                    nintsc = PP::trajectory_intersections_at_plane( intsc, crd, val, x1, x2, 0 );
                for( size_t c = 0; c < nintsc; c++ ) {
                    Isum += _particles[a]->IQ();
                    add_diagnostics( tdata, intsc[c], *_particles[a], crd, a );
                }

                x1 = x2;
            }
        }

        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "number of trajectories = " << tdata.traj_size() << "\n";
        if( PP::geom_mode() == MODE_2D )
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "total current = " << Isum << " A/m\n";
        else
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "total current = " << Isum << " A\n";
        ibsimu.dec_indent();
    }

    virtual void clear( void ) { 
        for( size_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ )
            delete( _particles[a] );
        _particles.clear();
        _rhosum = 0.0;
    }

    virtual void clear_trajectories( void ) {
        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ )
            _particles[a]->clear_trajectory();
    }

    virtual void clear_trajectory( size_t a ) {
        if( a >= _particles.size() )
            throw( ErrorRange( ERROR_LOCATION, a, _particles.size() ) );            
        _particles[a]->clear_trajectory();
    }

    virtual void reserve( size_t size ) { 
        _particles.reserve( size ); 
    }

    void add_particle( const Particle<PP> &pp ) {
        _scheduler.lock_mutex();
        try {
            _particles.push_back( new Particle<PP>( pp ) );
        } catch( std::bad_alloc ) {
            throw( ErrorNoMem( ERROR_LOCATION, "Out of memory adding particle" ) );
        }
        _scheduler.unlock_mutex();
    }

    void add_particle( double IQ, double q, double m, const PP &x ) {   
        add_particle( Particle<PP>( IQ, CHARGE_E*q, MASS_U*m, x ) );
    }

    virtual void iterate_trajectories( MeshScalarField &scharge, const VectorField &efield, 
                                       const VectorField &bfield ) {

        Timer t;
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Calculating particle trajectories\n";
        ibsimu.inc_indent();
        if( _surface_collision )
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Using surface collision model\n";
        else
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Using solid collision model\n";
        if( _relativistic )
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Using relativistic iterator\n";
        else
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Using non-relativistic iterator\n";
        _iteration++;

        StatusPrint sp;
        if( ibsimu.output_is_cout() ) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << "  " << "0 / " << _particles.size();
            sp.print( ss.str() );
        }

        // Check geometry mode
        if( _geom.geom_mode() != PP::geom_mode() )
            throw( Error( ERROR_LOCATION, "Differing geometry modes" ) );

        // Clear space charge
        scharge.clear();

        // Reset statistics
        _stat.reset( _geom.number_of_boundaries() );

        // Check number of particles
        if( _particles.size() == 0 ) {
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "no particles to calculate\n";
            ibsimu.dec_indent();
            return;
        }

        // Make solvers
        pthread_mutex_t                      scharge_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
        std::vector<ParticleIterator<PP> *>  iterators;
        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < ibsimu.get_thread_count(); a++ ) {

            iterators.push_back( new ParticleIterator<PP>( PARTICLE_ITERATOR_ADAPTIVE, _epsabs, _epsrel, 
                                                           _intrp, _scharge_dep, _maxsteps, _maxt, 
                                                           _save_points, _trajdiv, _mirror, &scharge, 
                                                           &scharge_mutex, &efield, &bfield, &_geom ) );
            iterators[a]->set_trajectory_handler_callback( _thand_cb );
            iterators[a]->set_trajectory_end_callback( _tend_cb, _pdb );
            iterators[a]->set_trajectory_surface_collision_callback( _tsur_cb );
            iterators[a]->set_bfield_suppression_callback( _bsup_cb );
            iterators[a]->set_relativistic( _relativistic );
            iterators[a]->set_surface_collision( _surface_collision );
        }

        // Run scheduler
        _scheduler.run( iterators );

        // Print statistics
        if( ibsimu.output_is_cout() ) {
            while( !_scheduler.wait_finish() ) {
                std::stringstream ss;
                ss << "  " << _scheduler.get_solved_count() << " / " 
                   << _scheduler.get_problem_count();
                sp.print( ss.str() );
            }
        }

        // Finish scheduler
        _scheduler.finish();

        // Print final statistics
        if( ibsimu.output_is_cout() ) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << "  " << _scheduler.get_solved_count() << " / " 
               << _scheduler.get_problem_count() << " Done\n";
            sp.print( ss.str(), true );
        }

        if( _scheduler.is_error() ) {
            // Throw the error
            std::vector<Error> err;
            std::vector<int32_t> part;
            _scheduler.get_errors( err, part );
            throw( err[0] );
        }

        // Collect statistics. Free all allocated memory.
        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < ibsimu.get_thread_count(); a++ ) {
            ParticleStatistics stat = iterators[a]->get_statistics();
            _stat += stat;
            delete iterators[a];
        }

        if( _scharge_dep == SCHARGE_DEPOSITION_LINEAR )
            scharge_finalize_linear( scharge );
        else
            scharge_finalize_pic( scharge );
        
        t.stop();
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "Particle histories (" << _particles.size() << " total):\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  flown = " << _stat.bound_collisions() << "\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  time limited = " << _stat.end_time() << "\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  step count limited = " << _stat.end_step() << "\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  bad definitions = " << _stat.end_baddef() << "\n";
        for( size_t a = 1; a <= _stat.number_of_boundaries(); a++ ) {
            ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  beam to boundary " << a << " = " << _stat.bound_current(a)
                                << " " << PP::IQ_unit() << " (" << _stat.bound_collisions(a) << " particles)" << "\n";
        }
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  total steps = " << _stat.sum_steps() << "\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "  steps per particle (ave) = " << 
            _stat.sum_steps()/(double)_particles.size() << "\n";
        ibsimu.message( 1 ) << "time used = " << t << "\n";
        ibsimu.dec_indent();
    }

    virtual void step_particles( MeshScalarField &scharge, const VectorField &efield, 
                                 const VectorField &bfield, double dt ) {

        throw( ErrorUnimplemented( ERROR_LOCATION ) );
    }


    void save( std::ostream &os ) const {

        ParticleDataBaseImp::save( os );

        write_int32( os, _particles.size() );
        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ )
            _particles[a]->save( os );
    }


    void debug_print( std::ostream &os ) const {
        ParticleDataBaseImp::debug_print( os );

        for( uint32_t a = 0; a < _particles.size(); a++ ) {
            os << "Particle " << a << ":\n";
            _particles[a]->debug_print( os );
        }
    }

};


class ParticleDataBase2DImp : public ParticleDataBasePPImp<ParticleP2D> {

    void add_tdens_from_segment( MeshScalarField &tdens, double IQ,
                                 ParticleP2D &x1, ParticleP2D &x2 ) const;

public:

    ParticleDataBase2DImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, const Geometry &geom );

    ParticleDataBase2DImp( const ParticleDataBase2DImp &pdb );

    ParticleDataBase2DImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, std::istream &s, const Geometry &geom );

    virtual ~ParticleDataBase2DImp();

    const ParticleDataBase2DImp &operator=( const ParticleDataBase2DImp &pdb );

    virtual void build_trajectory_density_field( MeshScalarField &tdens ) const;

    void add_2d_beam_with_velocity( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                    double v, double dvp, double dvt, 
                                    double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 );

    void add_2d_beam_with_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                  double E, double Tp, double Tt, 
                                  double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 );

    void add_2d_KV_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                        double a, double b, double e,
                                        double Ex, double x0, double y0 );

    void add_2d_gaussian_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                              double a, double b, double e,
                                              double Ex, double x0, double y0 );

    void save( std::ostream &os ) const;

    void debug_print( std::ostream &os ) const;
};



class ParticleDataBaseCylImp : public ParticleDataBasePPImp<ParticlePCyl> {

    void add_tdens_from_segment( MeshScalarField &tdens, double IQ,
                                 ParticlePCyl &x1, ParticlePCyl &x2 ) const;

    static uint32_t bisect_cumulative_array( const std::vector<double> &cum, double x );

public:

    ParticleDataBaseCylImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, const Geometry &geom );

    ParticleDataBaseCylImp( const ParticleDataBaseCylImp &pdb );
    
    ParticleDataBaseCylImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, std::istream &s, const Geometry &geom );

    virtual ~ParticleDataBaseCylImp();

    const ParticleDataBaseCylImp &operator=( const ParticleDataBaseCylImp &pdb );

    virtual void build_trajectory_density_field( MeshScalarField &tdens ) const;

    void add_2d_beam_with_total_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                        double Etot, const ScalarField &epot, 
                                        double Tp, double Tt, 
                                        double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 );

    void add_2d_beam_with_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                  double E, double Tp, double Tt, 
                                  double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 );

    void add_2d_beam_with_velocity( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                    double v, double dvp, double dvt, 
                                    double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 );

    void add_2d_full_gaussian_beam( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                    double Ex, double Tp, double Tt, 
                                    double x0, double dr );

    void add_2d_gaussian_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                              double a, double b, double e,
                                              double Ex, double x0 );

    void export_path_manager_data( const std::string &filename, 
                                   double ref_E, double ref_q, double ref_m, 
                                   double val, uint32_t Np ) const;

    void save( std::ostream &os ) const;

    void debug_print( std::ostream &os ) const;
};


class ParticleDataBase3DImp : public ParticleDataBasePPImp<ParticleP3D> {

    void add_tdens_from_segment( MeshScalarField &tdens, double IQ,
                                 ParticleP3D &x1, ParticleP3D &x2 ) const;

    bool free_plane_mirror_enabled( uint32_t axism ) const;
    ParticleP3D free_plane_mirror( const ParticleP3D &p, uint32_t axism ) const;
public:

    ParticleDataBase3DImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, const Geometry &geom );

    ParticleDataBase3DImp( const ParticleDataBase3DImp &pdb );

    ParticleDataBase3DImp( ParticleDataBase *pdb, std::istream &s, const Geometry &geom );

    virtual ~ParticleDataBase3DImp();

    const ParticleDataBase3DImp &operator=( const ParticleDataBase3DImp &pdb );

    virtual void build_trajectory_density_field( MeshScalarField &tdens ) const;

    void add_cylindrical_beam_with_total_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                                 double Etot, const ScalarField &epot, 
                                                 double Tp, double Tt, Vec3D c, 
                                                 Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2, double r );

    void add_cylindrical_beam_with_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m,    
                                           double E, double Tp, double Tt, Vec3D c, 
                                           Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2, double r );

    void add_cylindrical_beam_with_velocity( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                             double v, double dvp, double dvt, Vec3D c, 
                                             Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2, double r );

    void add_rectangular_beam_with_energy( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                           double E, double Tp, double Tt, Vec3D c, 
                                           Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2, double size1, double size2 );

    void add_rectangular_beam_with_velocity( uint32_t N, double J, double q, double m, 
                                             double v, double dvp, double dvt, Vec3D c, 
                                             Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2, double size1, double size2 );

    void add_3d_KV_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                        double E0,
                                        double a1, double b1, double e1,
                                        double a2, double b2, double e2,
                                        Vec3D c, Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2 );

    void add_3d_waterbag_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                              double E0,
                                              double a1, double b1, double e1,
                                              double a2, double b2, double e2,
                                              Vec3D c, Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2 );

    void add_3d_gaussian_beam_with_emittance( uint32_t N, double I, double q, double m,
                                              double E0, 
                                              double a1, double b1, double e1,
                                              double a2, double b2, double e2,
                                              Vec3D c, Vec3D dir1, Vec3D dir2 );

    void trajectories_at_free_plane( TrajectoryDiagnosticData &tdata, 
                                     Vec3D c, Vec3D o, Vec3D p,
                                     const std::vector<trajectory_diagnostic_e> &diagnostics ) const;

    void export_path_manager_data( const std::string &filename, 
                                   double ref_E, double ref_q, double ref_m, 
                                   Vec3D c, Vec3D o, Vec3D p ) const;    

    void save( std::ostream &os ) const;

    void debug_print( std::ostream &os ) const;
};


#endif